A study conducted at 26 schools in bulawayo, zimbabwe, found that a soccer. Zimbabwean school children under 18 years continue to bear the brunt of sexual abuse from educators in the schools. Teenagers should not buy the notion that if they use the condoms, they will be safe from hiv and other. Traditional practices and uptake of female condoms in zimbabwe. Relationships to condom use and sexual behavior, 87 american. Condom availability would also make condom use the norm and decrease the negotiation necessary to get a partner to use a condom. They view usage of condoms and their distribution at school as an incentive to. Increased condom use has been recognized as a major factor in the recent decline in zimbabwes hiv prevalence the number of free condoms distributed by the government, ngos and social marketing campaigns tripled during the 1990s, and further increased in subsequent years the number of condoms sold through the private sector has also. Cdps change the environment so that there is increased availability, accessibility, and acceptability of condom use. This study uses data from exit surveys with a random sample of 1,753 consumers at retail outlets to assess patterns in awareness and use of the female condom, and to examine to what extent discussion and use of the female condom varies by type of partner.
Zimbabwes distribution figures far exceed what most countries have been able to accomplish. The childrens act, together with south african government policies, allows individual schools to decide whether to distribute condoms, but most school staff are unaware of south african policy and regulations governing condom provision in schools. Adolescent sexting and risky sexual behaviours in zimbabwe. Factors contributing to the failure to use condoms among. Zimbabwean women and girls of african origin experienced double discrimination in education based on their race and gender in the preindependence era. When these women suggested condom use or refused unprotected sex, this was met with sexual violence or vehement refusal to use condoms from their partner. This study sought to assess the level of awareness and perception of condom use among secondary school students in the prevention of stds in bahati division of nakuru north district. Data on condom use from the 1999 dhs for 1519yearolds who reported having experienced sexual intercourse are presented in table 2. School of built environment and development studies, university of.
Patterns of use of the female condom in urban zimbabwe. Schools should also consider the costs of making condoms available. Analysis recently, there has been debate that condoms ought to be distributed in schools to curb the spread of hiv. Awareness and use of contraception among secondary school students in ekpoma was low. In 1980, when zimbabwe became independent, gender gaps in literacy and all levels of the education system were therefore very wide. Sep 06, 20 should schools provide condoms to students. Even the uniforms for boys and girls are different with girls uniforms not being suitable for the rough play or tree climbing that boys favour. Rather than be caught up in the global euphoria on the use of the condom as the. Psychosocial predictors of intended condom use among. Choice of materials to use during participatory class activities also determines the level of participation liew, 2014, in this instance, engaging with a sensitive topic. As a result, the school health education content in the zimbabwe curriculum for primary and secondary schools has been strengthened.
Pdf summary young people, especially university students, are at high risk of hiv. Condoms in schools debate continues newsday zimbabwe. Moreover, in new york, 69% of parents, 76% of educators, and 89% of students supported the condom availability program. Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents in.
Utilizing a sample of students n 504 from matabeleland, zimbabwe, africa, this. However, they faced another manifestation of voicelessness. Map showing secondary schools in bulawayo, zimbabwe. Pdf female condom uptake and acceptability in zimbabwe.
This study measured the relationship between sexting and risky sexual practices among schoolgoing adolescents n 502, 53. Background and context wherever the issue has emerged, whether it be in the inner city schools of america, the primary schools of wales, or in health education programs in the developing world, the suggestion that condoms be actively promoted as a solution to unwanted pregnancies, the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and the proliferation of hiv infection has been controversial. The intention of these documents is to inform the development of a new national strategic plan for female condom programming. Condom use and abstinence among unmarried young people. The state must take all practical measures to ensure the provision of basic, accessible. Zimbabwean secondary school guidance and counseling teachers.
The document was subsequently revised, and this final version was approved at the 2011 second regular session of the. Attitudes toward condom use among high school and university students in zimbabwe article pdf available in international quarterly of community health education 261. An additional 12 million condoms are required annually to address the gap between current use and need. Finally, another positive aspect of condoms in schools is that they are the most effective and costeffective way to prevent pregnancy, stds, and hivaids. However, within a decade, the situation had changed. Pdf knowledge, attitude and practice of condom use among. Plus, if someone doesnt want to use a condom, just because their school provides it doesnt mean theyre necessarily going to take use of it. Health, general psychology and mental health social sciences, general aids disease health aspects social aspects alcohol and youth child development condoms contraceptives industry disease transmission drug interactions drugs and youth juvenile. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an. For instance, in zimbabwe, sexuality education in the hiv and aids. Condom use is more likely to be reported by men than by women, and by unmarried women than by married women. Attitudes to sex and sexual behavior in rural matabeleland, zimbabwe.
A local television station asked san antonio parents how they felt about the american academy of pediactrics new suggestion that schools make condoms available to students. Patterns of sexual behavior and condom use among high. Condom use and abstinence among unmarried young people in. Consistent condom use in married zimbabwean women after a condom intervention. John, for example, thought that his wife had no basis for asking him to use a condom, because she belonged to him. I extend my gratitude to the director of the kenya institute of education for facilitating my affiliation to kie while. In contexts of low educational achievement for women, one might therefore expect higher levels of female education to be associated with more.
To describe sexual behavior and condom use among students in rwanda, to illustrate the need for targeted reproductive health programs, and to. The latest hivaids statistics in zimbabwe show that the prevalence rate is still very high at 15% as in 2014, whilst in the same year condom usage was reported to have been 104 million male, and 5. Zimbabwe was the first country in africa to advocate. Teachers competence, school policy and social contexthiv prevention needs of primary schools in kagera, tanzania. Their cost often posed a barrier to condom use for the poor, even in developed. Condom distribution programs cdps have been proven to increase condom use, prevent hivstds, and save money. Attitudes toward condom use among high school and university. Three possible conclusions can be made from these studies of making condoms available in schools. Schoolbased sexual health education has the potential to provide an. These studies would provide only weak evidence that making condoms available in schools increases their use, because the strongest study failed to find such an. As in previous year s, some christian groups blamed other christian groups with indigenous beliefs, particularly the apostolic community, for increasing hivaids rates by discouraging condom use and preventing hivaids. These disparities among women and men in zimbabwe, fuel the drive for gender mainstreaming. Today this research covers a wide range of topics ranging from strictly medical studies to the social and demographic implications of the study as well as to. Most zimbabwean adolescents know the two most common ways to prevent hiv infection.
Clubs in schools 21 zimbabwe midlands aids service organisation maso. Article information, pdf download for attitudes toward condom use among. Knowledge of stis and aids, risk awareness, and condom use. Cdc requires select grantees to implement cdps as part of a larger hiv prevention strategy. Condom use in uganda and zimbabwe g121 shaping the gendered identity of an individual. Lse life skills education lshtm london school of hygiene and tropical medicine maso midlands aids service organisation mbod medical bureau for occupational diseases. Factors contributing to the failure to use condoms among students in zambia. Pdf working condom use and abstinence among unmarried. Zimbabwe has a high hiv prevalence, with unprotected heterosexual sex. Sexual and reproductive health needs of adolescents in zimbabwe. About 40% of the total sampled population believed contraception is not safe. It was then registered as training institute with ministry of higher and.
The 201011 zdhs is the fifth demographic and health survey to be conducted in zimbabwe dhs in 1988, 1994, 1999, and. Condom use of respondents by type of sexual partner, zimbabwe, 2010 place of. Correlates of sexting to consistent condom use, age at sexual debut, transactional sex, intergenerational sex and multiple sexual partners were calculated. Sexual practice and condom use differences were assessed in a representative sample of 4166 adolescents enrolled in high schools with and without condom availability programs. The extent to which schools implement the hiv prevention education programmes and the programmes effectiveness seem to be determined by status of schools in terms of the schools geographical setting. Adolescentreproductive rights in zimbabwe table of contents acknowledgements 3 table of abbreviations and glossary 4 executive summary 7 recommendations 12 introduction 17 a.
Education through schools by health professionals, peer educators, films, and organized discussions. The new education plan also calls for teaching about the importance of correct and consistent condom use in schools, but not for providing condoms, for which adolescents are referred. Should condoms be made available to high school students. Pdf the prevalence of condom use among university students in. The institute was registered as a trust on the 16th february 2010, notarial deed of trust registration number ma1442010. Factors associated with femalecondom use in zimbabwe. Access to youth friendly health services is vital for ensuring sexual and reproductive health srh and wellbeing of adolescents. Muguwe and gwirayi 2011 in a study on the implementation of the aids action plan in secondary schools in zimbabwe also observed the same limitations in zimbabwes aids education programme. In their study of condom use in zimbabwe, ravai et al 2002 found that majority of the. Zd zimbabwean dollars zecab zambia educational capacity building program. And by giving out condoms in school that would just be supporting it.
Reopen debate on schools condom kiosks newsday zimbabwe. Making condoms available in schools pubmed central pmc. Adolescents had negative attitudes towards condom distribution in schools as they believed it ruins their sexual experiences. Condom use at the last sex among unmarried male adolescents compared with baseline. I think they should definitely give out condom to high school students. Factors associated with use of the female condom in zimbabwe. Knowledge of condom use among adolescents in this study does not translate to good attitudes of regular, consistence and correct use of condoms. Proposals to institute condom availability programs in high schools have generally sparked heated debate and strong opposition. She noted that the decisionmaking process is an interaction of individual, social, family. St pauls letter to the colossians is one example of the letters which zimbabwean men quote as a justification of their control over women.
Similarly in zimbabwe there is controversy surrounding sex education and. Nine primary school pupils report rape and indecent assault by a 65. Effective strategies to provide adolescent sexual and. According to section 29 subsection 1 and 3 of the zimbabwe constitution. The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of sexual health with regard to condom use and hivaids among adolescents attending secondary schools in kisumu district. Plans are underway to decentralize the provision of antiretroviral therapy services and reach out to rural. Teaching and learning about hiv and aids through william. Strikingly, from 20042007, care female condom distribution increased 150 percent and public sector distribution tripled. Adolescents in schools where condoms were available were more likely to receive condom use instruction and less likely to report lifetime or recent sexual inter. Hiv, aids, adolescents, youth, kenya, condom use, sexual behavior. Individual and group counseling was provided to promote condom use, and free condoms were distributed during counseling sessions. Condoms dont necessarily help teen girls avoid pregnancy. The hiv epidemic in zimbabwe is generalised and is largely driven by unprotected heterosexual sex.
In a test of the predictive capacity of the health belief model, the association of perceived susceptibility to hiv, severity of hiv infection, efficacy of hivpreventive solutions, facilitating cues and barriers to action with intended condom use was examined among 343 male and 220 female zimbabwean adolescents. Ruth labode has said there is need to reopen debate over the distribution of. Understanding barriers to safer sex practice in zimbabwean. Schoolbased condom availability programs american civil.
This silent plague of child sexual abuse is also striking at the fabric of zimbabwean schools. Ix zimbabwe school health policy demonstrates competences in development, delivery and evaluation of curricula for learners and adults in the school setting that enhance health knowledge, attitudes and problem solving. Pdf attitudes toward condom use among high school and. Nowadays, the pregnancy rates become higher in high school, to prevent such thing, they should give them condoms to the students so they can protect themselves. Hivaids continues to pose a serious health and social threat in zimbabwe. Zimbabwe country programme document 20122015 the draft country programme document for zimbabwe eicef2011pl. Patterns of sexual behavior and condom use among high school and university students in butare and gitarama province, rwanda abstract objectives.
Aug 24, 2019 knowledge of condom use among adolescents in this study does not translate to good attitudes of regular, consistence and correct use of condoms. Zimbabwean civil society organisations on hiv and aids. Gender inequality is also evident in the exclusion of women and girls from education and leadership, and their lack of access to basic socioeconomic and political freedoms. Zimbabwe has one of the highest hiv prevalences in subsaharan africa at 12. Reported regular condom use with clients increased from 11 to 52 percent and then 68 percent after 6 and 36 months of intervention, respectively. The financial costs are small, but the social or political costs may be large. The research had shown that the use of condoms was safe with no hormonal or. Perfect use of the female condom reduces chances of being infected with hiv by 90 percent among women who have intercourse twice every week with infected men unifem, 2011. A high level of parental monitoring is associated with more consistent condom use among male students in dar es salaam, tanzania many of whom have engaged in highrisk sexual behaviors such as multiple sexual partnerships, concurrent sexual partnerships, and unprotected sexual intercourse in the past one year. Reproductive health issues of zimbabwean adolescents 18 1. Zimbabwe 201011 demographic and health survey key findings. Condom was the major available contraceptive for the males while andrew liver salt 29%, oral pills 10. Traditional practices and uptake of female condoms in.
Traditional practices and uptake of female condoms in zimbabwe 1petronila dadirai motsi, 2richard gamuchirai banda and 2vincent mabvurira 1school of social work, university of zimbabwe p o box mp 167. Impact of a high school condom availability program on sexual. First, the differences in results could be due to differences in the research methods. Condom availability programs in massachusetts high. This was not the national aids councils nac view, but they were bringing. Adolescents and parents perceptions of condom distribution in. The female condom has now been massmarketed for a little more than one year.
Government of zimbabwe zimbabwe school health policy. A call for parental monitoring to improve condom use among. Fewer studies have focused on condom use among adolescents only. The great condom debate came up again at this weeks united states public affairs section presentation by defzee definitely zimbabwean, an online youth. For religious or moral reasons, some people may strongly oppose making condoms available in schools, and both their beliefs and the community conflicts that might ensue should be properly considered. Drawing is therefore seen as a powerful tool to use in teaching since it can generate discussion around an issue of interest amongst participants stuart, 2007. Adolescents and parents perceptions of condom distribution.